Text by Charmaine A. Lingdas

The University of the Philippines Manila’s National Integrated Research Program on Medicinal Plants (NIRPROMP) has created an herbal antifungal lotion using the Indigenous Akapulco plant (Senna Alata).

Skin fungal infections are among the most common complaints in dermatology and primary care clinics, affecting over a billion people globally. Highly contagious, these infections are particularly prevalent among Filipinos due to environmental factors like heat and humidity, as well as socioeconomic conditions such as overcrowding, poverty, and poor hygiene. Azole antifungals effectively treat these infections but are often expensive and require prolonged application.

“One solution to this problem is the use of Senna alata, more commonly known as Akapulco,” said Dr. Cecilia Maramba-Lazarte, Director of the Institute of Herbal Medicine – National Institutes of Health (IHM-NIH).

Also known as Candlestick Bush, Akapulco is a perennial shrub widely distributed throughout the Philippines. It typically reaches one to two meters in height and features dense branches and leaves composed of 8 to 20 oblong-elliptical leaflets. The plant is notable for its erect stalks that bear candle-like yellow flowers at their tips from where it derived its name. Apart from being valued for its distinctive appearance and ornamental qualities, the Candlestick Bush is also highly regarded for its potential natural remedies for specific ailments.

“Traditional healers and those of other cultures have used this to treat skin diseases. The antifungal activity of Akapulco has been well-documented in various studies,” Dr. Lazarte explained.

Studies revealed that Akapulco contains several phytochemicals, including chrysophanic acid and anthraquinones. These plant-based compounds exhibit strong antifungal activity against Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Penicillium.

Dr. Lazarte stated that the effectiveness of Philippine akapulco preparations had been measured by the results of seven randomized controlled trials involving 726 patients.  Four trials were performed using the NIRPROMP-IHM formulation, which enrolled 461 patients. These trials showed that preparations containing Akapulco are as efficacious as synthetic antifungal treatments containing 25%  sodium thiosulfate, ketoconazole, or terbinafine cream. NIRPROMP co-founder and Mother of Philippine Herbal Medicine, Dr. Nelia Maramba led the trials. 

Researchers noted minimal adverse effects from Akapulco lotion compared to conventional treatments.

“Randomized controlled trials are crucial to establish the efficacy and safety of treatments,” noted Dr. Lazarte. “Our findings indicate that Akapulco lotion offers a cost-effective alternative to imported antifungal medications.”

Dr. Lazate said potential investors could capitalize on the global antifungal drug market, valued at $15.8 billion in 2023 and expected to expand further.

“By licensing our herbal medicine, pharmaceutical companies can tap into this expanding market,” she emphasized.

Aside from economic benefits, the development of Akapulco lotion also bolsters local agriculture and champions Filipino self-reliance. “Our goal is to diminish dependence on imported drugs, bolster Filipino farmers, and offer an accessible treatment solution for fungal infections,” she remarked. NIRPROMP/IHM actively seeks partners to manufacture, distribute, and market Akapulco lotion as an antifungal remedy. NIRPROMP/IHM previously developed the well-regarded herbal medicines Lagundi and Sambong, which are now enjoying commercial success nationwide.