Text by Charmaine A. Lingdas
Photos by Joseph A. Bautista
“By embracing this diversity, we can develop more responsive and effective public health strategies that truly reflect the communities we serve,” asserted Dr. Eva Maria Cutiongco-de la Paz, Executive Director of NIH during the final leg of the UP Manila National Institutes of Health (NIH) 26th Anniversary Celebration last September 26, 2024.
The culminating activity and celebration, which focuses on the theme of “Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI) in population health research,” emphasized the promotion of Diversity and Inclusion in the research environment to improve health outcomes in the Philippines.
“Inclusion is more than just access—it’s about creating healthcare systems where every person feels respected, valued, and supported,” Dr. de la Paz added.
Part One: Topics and Discussion on Diversity in Health Research
Dr. Mario Festin, founding Director of the NIH-Institute of Reproductive Health, moderated the first session on diversity in research, emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches to address various identities and perspectives.
Dr. Benjamin P. Sablan Jr., Director of the National Clinical Trial and Translation Center (NCTTC), elaborated that the Center aims to strengthen national clinical research by developing a localized framework, enhancing research capacity across the country, and providing training and support to meet global standards during his presentation “Securing the Health of the Filipino for the Next Millennium.”
Dr. Imelda G. Peña, Former Director of the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), presented “Needs of the Pharmaceutical Industry in Pharmaceutical Sciences Research.” She highlighted the gaps in collaboration between academia and industry and revealed that inefficient FDA regulatory processes hinder sales and reduce the Philippines’ market priority. Dr. Peña also emphasized that IPS focuses on expanding bioequivalence testing through partnerships with other laboratories.
Mr. Arturo Ongkeko, a University Research Associate at the National Telehealth Center (NTHC), presented “DISPO: Design, Development, and Implementation of a Natural Language Processing-Enabled Virtual Assistant for Depression and Anxiety Among People with COVID-19.” This mobile app, uses machine learning and natural language processing and, offers mental health support by triaging users to appropriate services based on their responses. A randomized trial showed significant reductions in anxiety and depression over four weeks, particularly among female users. The results suggest the app’s potential to democratize mental health services and provide culturally sensitive care to underserved communities.
Dr. Rohani Navarro, Research Assistant Professor of the NIH-Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), gave a talk on “Addiction as a Reversible Brain Disorder.” Dr. Rohani discussed chronic exposure to solvents, including among “rugby boys” and “rugby girls,” which poses significant risks. Using a three-chamber model, researchers found that animals exposed to toluene preferred the chamber linked to the drug, showing signs of addiction, with female rats displaying heightened drug-seeking behavior. To combat this, the study tested two treatments: an antioxidant drug and exercise, effectively reducing drug-seeking behavior. The goal of this study is to develop effective interventions for children addicted to toluene, aiming for a better future for them.
In her presentation, Dr. Cecilia Maramba-Lazarte, Director of the Institute of Herbal Medicine (IHM), highlighted the Institute’s goal to harness over 2,000 identified medicinal plants to address primary care needs. IHM convened 89 experts from 45 agencies and marginalized communities to create the “Philippine Herbal Medicine Development Plan.” Their goals include enhancing knowledge of herbal medicines, revising regulations, and integrating these treatments into Universal Health Care. They also plan to support local farmers and promote the export potential of Philippine herbal products.
In highlighting the health risks faced by traffic enforcers along EDSA, particularly their exposure to harmful pollutants like heavy metals and black carbon, Dr. Emmanuel Baja, Research Professor at the Institute of Clinical Epidemiology (ICE), discussed the “Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) Traffic Enforcer’s Health Study.” The study found that prolonged exposure significantly affects cardiovascular health, with key findings including increased blood pressure and electrocardiographic abnormalities. Immediate effects on blood pressure were noted, especially among female enforcers. These results emphasize the need for tailored interventions, occupational hazard allowance, and health monitoring to address disparities in this overlooked workforce.
Part Two: Topics and Discussion on Inclusivity in Health Research
The second session, moderated by Dr. Baja, focused on health inclusion, stressing the need for community engagement in research to ensure fair representation.
Dr. Shelley F. De La Vega, Professor and Director of the Institute on Aging (IA), discussed “Healthy Aging from the UPWISE Studies,” which focuses on mental health for retiring and retired faculty, noting that older individuals are often overlooked in research. The initiative aims to promote healthy aging and preserve functional abilities. Studies revealed that one-third of participants reported poor to fair health, with sleep issues and varying quality of life. Work-related stress and financial concerns were significant factors, highlighting the need for systemic support for well-being beyond retirement.
Another study on frailty and the support older individuals receive from families and the environment was presented by Dr. Mary Ann J. Ladia, Research Associate Professor of the ICE, in her talk on the “FITforFRAIL Program.” This research revealed that while many older adults feel valued, they also face significant burdens like psychological stress and economic dependence. The findings emphasize the need for an inclusive environment that values and supports older people, highlighting the importance of policies that address their diverse needs and ensure their dignity and well-being.
Underlining the insufficient research on “Transgender Health in the Philippines,” Research Professor Olivia Sison of NIH-ICE emphasized that this scarcity leads to adverse outcomes like mental health issues and a higher vulnerability to STIs, especially HIV. She introduced ‘Project Lakambini,’ which combines HIV self-testing with gender-affirmative strategies. The project includes counseling and online resources, resulting in a 105 percent increase in self-testing usage within three months, advocating for a more inclusive approach to the healthcare needs of transgender individuals.
Dr. Ma-am Joy Tumulak, a Research Assistant Professor at the Institute of Human Genetics (IHG), presented “Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): A Content Analysis of Facebook Groups.” The study identified four major themes regarding social and informational needs and examined engagement strategies. The findings emphasize the need for healthcare providers to engage with these online communities to understand better the challenges CAH families face and improve clinical care and policy initiatives.
Dr. Ebner Bon G. Maceda, a Research Assistant Professor from IHG, discussed “Social Media Content Analysis of Public Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency Facebook Groups.” The study analyzed posts from six Facebook groups dedicated to G6PD deficiency, identifying themes such as diagnosis, management, beliefs, and psychosocial factors. Essential communication strategies included information requests and self-disclosure. The findings underscore the need for credible information to combat misinformation, which can lead to confusion and poor health decisions. The research highlights the importance of targeted educational materials and engagement with patient communities to enhance health literacy.
Dr. Maria Esterlita Villanueva Uy, Research Professor and Director of the Institute of Child Health and Human Development (ICHD), presented “Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) in the Philippines.” Dr. Uy highlighted KMC’s critical role in reducing neonatal mortality through skin-to-skin contact. KMC provides numerous benefits, including improved breastfeeding success and enhanced bonding. The initiative aims to raise awareness of KMC’s significance among healthcare professionals and families, emphasizing the need for education and support to implement KMC practices effectively.
The discussions and presentations at the NIH anniversary highlighted the critical role of involving underrepresented populations in health research, ensuring their unique health challenges are addressed. As it continues to promote justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion, the NIH remains at the forefront of population health research, shaping health policies that prioritize comprehensive and inclusive healthcare for all Filipinos.#
